DH Templates

Anyone know of a website I can get a template to write a reference letter for my former boss?

Ineed to compose a letter of reference for an aquaintance. any templates?

How do I write a letter of reference for a contractor I have recently done business with? I want to write a good letter of recommendation that this contractor can show potential clients. The work was meticulously performed, within the estimate and time frame promised. I just don't know to whom to address the letter. I checked with Microsoft on line and found many different templates, but none that fit my needs.

Reference Letter Request for Former Boss? Hi I'm relocating to a new city at the end of this month and would like to ask my current boss ( A local daycare) a reference letter that I can enclose with resumes that i'm currently mailing out to daycares at my new location (prince rupert BC) I only have till the end of august before I move and would like to ask my boss if she'd be willing to be a reference. Does anyone know of any templates that are suitable to use when asking a previous employer about wheather or not they'd be willing to provide a reference for me? Any help would be greatly appreciated Thanks, Shy

Reference letter/language skills/spanish? Greets from PL! I am going to Spain for Erasmus uni exchange next year and a part of getting there is to get a letter of references of language skills. I am trying to prepare a template letter for a girl who used to teach me for one year but I am not sure about some words and expressions (my lvl is B1/B2, hopefully it will improve during my time there:) and would like to kindly ask you to point out any mistakes or maybe give me some tips for better words to use or some additional things to include (especially I am not sure about the whole 'Referencias de conocimiento de idioma' thing :P): "Referencias de conocimiento de idioma Por medio de la presente hago constar que yo Jane Smith he ensanado Espanol a Mike Jones por un ano. Despues de 110 horas del curso evaluo el nivel de su conocimiento de Espanol como B1/B2(Intermedio). Jane Smith Profesora de Espanol" Cheers and thanks a lot! Mike

anyone have a sample personal reference letter for someone seeking housing? I need to write one for a friend who is looking to move. Seeking a template or just some format ideas...

letter of reference for my business? How do I request a letter of reference from a client? Any formal business templates or suggestions to make it sound good?

I am wondering how to write a professional letter of reference from an employer to a school for an employee.? Can anybody please send me a website of templates or a personal one that will help me accomplish this.

character reference letter help please? My childminder has requested me to write her a character reference letter.Im not very good at that sort of thing. Can anyone help me out or point me to a good template or example? I should also say she needs the reference letter for her new landlord.

HELP!!! REFERENCE letter for EXCHANGE STUDY? I asked my lecturer to write a reference letter for me for my exchange study in a university, but he is too lazy to write it, so he asked me to write it for him. I have no prior experience on writing a reference letter. Don't even have a clue how to start writing it. The letter needs to include applicant's suitability for the Exchange Program considering such things as organisational ability, adaptability/versatility, maturity and independence. Also give appraisal of the applicant's communication skills(written, verbal, comprehension and interpersonal skills) Could anyone be so kind to write me a exchange letter or maybe provide me with a template or some good quotes? Any help is appreciated!

Reference letter? / A simple reference letter? Does anyone has a template or an idea for a simple, regular or basic reference letter? Thanks in advance...

how do you write a personal reference letter? a template would be most appreciated

Writing a cover letter and resume? I just lost my job of 4 years, and I am trying to put together a good professional resume and cover letter. Something that will catch someones eye. I have already composed a resume with job history, skills, education, and references. I was looking at cover letter templates but they all seem geared toward a specific job or position. Is there any 'right' way to write a cover letter for a general employment? Any other advice or help, feel free.

Custody hearing -Reference letter..... Please HELP!!!? I have been asked by a family member to write a support letter for her, in regards to her upcoming Custody hearing.. I honestly don't know were to start!!! any1 have any ideas or websites with a template I can personalise??? I would love any help you have!

How to write a letter requesting for documets for work? I need to write a letter requesting documents from instructors such as letters of references, transcripts, and resumes. I have never done such a letter and I have no template please help!!!

I need help with a letter of reference for a child custody case.? My sister's boyfriend needs a letter of recommendation to give his lawyer in a child custody case. He currently has visitation rights for his 3 children but is looking to have them more often. I have known him for at least 1 1/2 years and have seen him quite a few times with his children. So, I feel comfortable writing the letter but I have no idea what to say! I was trying to find a template for this type of letter online and would appreciate any sample letters I could be directed to. Please help!

How do I write an "I owe you" letter? is there any standard template or things to include if I want to write an IOU letter? any reference for me to refer to? Thanks

Letter of Credit? Where can I get the compleate reference of Letter of credit (with templates).. Thanks in advance sur

Can anyone help me with writing a notarized letter stating how much rent I pay my parents? For my new car loan, my bank is requesting a notarized letter from my parents and I stating how much rent I pay them a month. I just can't figure out how to word it, and I am not finding excellent examples anywhere online. Does anyone have any suggestions, or a template that I could use as a reference? Thanks in advance!

How to write a character letter for a child custody hearing? Hi. I am a tutor for two kids , ages 9 and 15. I am a 22 year old student. The kid's dad asked me to write a reference letter about the tutoring I do with them and I don't know what to write. I'm not sure what I should put, should I mention that he's a good father or is my letter supposed to just be about what I do with them? I tried looking for templates or guidelines for these types of letters but didn't find any. Does anyone know what to put in the letter? How short should it be? Should it talk about why I think he should have custody? Because I don't really see him for a long period of time, I spend most of my time with the kids unless it's a conversation about their grades, etc. Thanks!!

Need a reference from school (Haven't studied there for 1 year) and it's summer holidays!? I'm starting college in 4 weeks and I have just received a letter telling me that I need to bring a reference to the enrolment on 29 August. How am I supposed to get a reference from school while it's summer holidays? My brother said I should email some old teachers asking them politely if they can write me a reference, if I did that should I also send them a reference template attached to the email as I don't really want a reference written on a plain sheet of paper as it just wouldn't look very convincing. I really don't know what to do, and this is the only college i've applied for so if they don't let me in without a reference I won't even have a backup.. Thanks.

Letter of Introduction and Resume help please? ? I am 16 years old and looking for some office work, i have been connected with a few insurance agencies but they have asked for either a resume or letter of introduction....i dont really know how to do either. So if someone could reference me to a good website that has templates or something that would be great.

Two weeks notice letter, qutting job to go to uni? Hi there, So I have worked at a large department store chain for the past year (since last August. I then worked there throughout gr. 12). However, I am leaving the city in September for university so I obviously can't work there anymore. For the two weeks notice letter, do I just leave in my supervisor's desk, or actually hand it to her in person? Also, is this a good template to reference from: http://jobsearchtech.about.com/od/resumesandletters/a/resignletter.htm Sorry, this is my first job and I really know nothing about quitting haha. Also, when I return next April, I potentially want to come back, but not for sure. I'll mention this in the letter.. Next year, if I still want to come back, do I just come in and speak to my manager or actually resubmit my resume and everything again? Thanks:) Thanks!:) The thing is, I still haven't told any of my bosses that I'm leaving.. And I'm planning on handing it in tomorrow because I'm running out of time. Would it be bad if the time I give them the letter is the first time I mention that I''m leaving?

How to create dynamic field in MS Word? I prepared a teplate of my official letter head. I want to add a Field name to give each letter a Unique Reference No. corresponding to the Job_Order_No. Can anybody help me how to incorporate such a Macro or Field so that the moment the template is opened it will ask me to enter the Job_Order_No. and the Unique Reference No. of the letter is complete automatically.

Can someone read my cover letter? Okay, okay, after you read this, you'll probably be thinking it is the crappiest prospect letter in the universe, but try to understand, I was never good at essay writing. Plus, I'm only 14, and this is my first job. So please be nice, and give critique, not insults. :( --- Dear Hiring Manager, (I don't know the names of the managers I'll be applying for :\) Thank you for taking the time to review my resume. I would like to request the opportunity of open positions here at Chapters. I am applying here with a firm belief that my knowledge and qualifications can benefit your organization. I am going into grade 10 as of September this year. I am seeking a part-time job during the summer, but I would also be interested in working during September to October. The purpose of me applying here is not just to gain work experience, but to find a company that can benefit from my excellent organizational and interaction skills. I am independent, mature, and a cooperative team player. My prior participation in spelling bees and student council has helped me develop excellent communication and people skills. I take instruction well, and learn quickly. I can also speak fluent English and Mandarin Chinese. Multi-tasking is something I am very familiar with, and as are taking on a challenge. I am always eager to learn something new, and share my ideas with a team. Enclosed is my resume, and references are available upon request. Thank you for your time, and I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Andrea XXX --- I'm looking for someone to just read it over and tell me how I could improve it. I'm writing a prospect letter here, so I'll be applying at more than one place (maybe 5?). I intend on using this cover letter as a template, and just replace "Chapters" and other store names. My parents said since I'm still applying for my first job, it doesn't have to be super tailored towards the job requirements (plus I don't know. I'm just looking for any openings) Is this okay, or should I write separate cover letters? Because that'll mean writing a LOT... Anyway, thanks for reading :) haha, the XXX is so I don't reveal my last name :)

I need help with a sentencing letter to a judge regarding my neighbor.? I have had to press charges against him in the past for threatening, menacing, & assault against me & my family. I am a firefighter & I fear for my family’s safety when I am not home. My neighbor of 10 years & he is about to be sentenced in another case of felonious assault in a couple of weeks. I don't want this horrible bully, alcoholic, & terror of a man slip through the system again just because he is in his early 70's & plays the "frail-old man card"...he is NOT that. He has already plead guilty to a felony 2 but it is possible he may not do jail time. He has a terrible reputation but people are not’t aware that character references from people in his community can affect the judge’s decision. I am having trouble finding a “template” or sample sentencing letter to the judge other than ones that are character references as to their “good” character & about sentencing reduction. I & another neighbor want the judge to know this man is a danger to society & nightmare to live near. If you have any suggestions, all are greatly appreciated. Thank you

MS WORD - How to automatically fill in text (field?) with the same text entered elsewhere? Using Microsoft Word 2007 - how can I create two or mroe identical text fields? Basically, we have a template letter. I want to be able to add the company name of the recipient in the recipient's address at the letter top and have that same text be added to several different places in the text. I have figured how to do it using the bookmark/ref feature, but you still have to manually update the field. Is it possible to have the field update automatically? (like in Excel when you reference another cell - the referencing cell updates automatically if the reference cell is changed). Thanks!

Microsoft Word 2007 Please Help Me? I have a practice test and I need some help. 1. To select an entire row in a table, ____. A: click to the left of the row B: click the left edge of the cell C: press the TAB key D: click the table move handles 2. When you press the TAB key, a ____ formatting mark appears in the empty space between the tab stops. A: bullet B: line break C: tab character D: square marker 3. The ____ toolbar appears automatically based on certain tasks you perform and contains commands related to changing the appearance of text in a document. A: Tools B: Format C: Mini D: Edit 4. A ____ is a special character that prevents two words from splitting if the first word falls at the end of a line. A: hyphen B: nonbreaking space C: nonbreaking hyphen D: vertical bar 5. If you type three hyphens then press the ENTER key, Word ____. A: changes the hyphens to end dashes B: creates a bulleted list C: places a border above a paragraph D: creates a numbered list 6. Word provides a ____, allowing you to change the basic table format to a more visually appealing style. A: Format Wizard B: Create Format button C: Table Styles gallery D: Style Tab 7. To insert a nonbreaking space after a word, press ____. A: CTRL+SPACEBAR B: CTRL+ENTER+SPACEBAR C: CTRL+SHIFT+HYPHEN D: CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR 8. To return the formatting of a document to the Normal style, you ____. A: clear all B: clear formatting C: return to default D: return to original 9. The ____ box arrow on the Home tab allows you to change the font size of text. A: Font Size B: Format C: Character D: Review 10. You can resize a row in a table by dragging the ____. A: row handle B: sizing tab C: tab stops D: row boundary 11. The intersection of a row and column is called a ____. A: cell B: handle C: table D: gridline 12. The total number of rows and columns in a table is called the ____ of the table. A: space B: dimension C: area D: space 13. ____ is a predefined graphic. A: Clip art B: Style C: Theme D: Thumbnail 14. ____ displays the entire document in reduced size on the Word screen. A: Layout Mode B: Print Preview C: Review View D: Normal View 15. A solid line that can be drawn at any edge of a paragraph is called a ____. A: line break B: bullet C: border D: reference mark 16. The AutoFormat feature will format a Web or e-mail address as a hyperlink after address text is followed by the ____ key. A: F3 B: ALT C: HOME D: ENTER 17. For Word to insert a building block, you enter the building block name and then press the ____ key. A: CTRL+B B: CTRL+SHIFT C: CTRL+3 D: F3 18. The default tab stops are indicated at the bottom of the horizontal ruler by small vertical ____. A: tick marks B: end marks C: tab marks D: stop marks 19. The ____ is a temporary storage area that holds items copied from any Office program. A: Office Clipboard B: Windows Paste Board C: Word Clipboard D: Application Clipboard 20. To elaborate on the positive points in your resume, you use a ____. A: template B: cover letter C: wizard D: resume letter

Spreadsheets features, help please? ____can be referenced by both letters and numbers to select an individual part of a spreadsheet. Clicking on one of the letter tabs at the op of the worksheet in Excel will result in a whole ____ of information being selected. A ____ is comprised of numeric data that can be tested to find out what would happen in certain situations. Is space 1: Cells, rows or data Is space 2: Columns, section or cell Is space 3: Calulator, template or model Thanks you so much if you can help!

word / photoshop help needed.? im trying to make a background template for word for a letter / document. So that all i need to do is change certain parts to have the exact same background with writing on, but different reference numbers and pictures. But prints perfect. If anyone understands this! is it possible? many thanks I have sort of done it in photoshop, But ideally would like to be able to amend it in word. any idea's how?

Dear Sir can i believe on this email which can make my dream come true to do the overseas job here the details? Dear Candidate, Thank you for choosing Global Recruitment as your doorway to the USA ! We are here to take the uncertainty out of your overseas J1 Program by guiding you through the necessary processes. Attached you'll find an e-brochure outlining the sorts of positions available, what you stand to gain from the experience, what will be required from you, information regarding the traineeship, and step by step instructions for what you'll need to do. The e-brochure includes a list of sample traineeship positions, please note these are sample positions only, and new positions become available every day. If you do have a preference with a location or position, please let us know. To secure your placement please send to Global Recruitment: Signed and Completed: Registration and 'Terms & Conditions', Reformatted Resume, Cover Letter, and Statement of Purpose (please use attached sample as template) Must Follow the sample! Upon receipt of this, we will advise of the steps required to get you to the USA ! Once again, Congratulations and we look forward to helping you fast-track your Hotel Management career! Feel free to call us or e-mail at your convenience to process your application for the program! Best regards, Ben Maradani Career Consultant B.A, M.B.A, L.L.B, (L.L.M) Diploma in Hospitality Management A: PO BOX: 309 Margate Beach QLD Australia 4019 P: + 61 7 3883 3703/ M: +61 401 594 624 Skype: maradani1970 E: ben@globalrecruitment.com.au W: http://www.globalrecruitment.com.au The total investment for your Career travel adventure is USD $ 4,950.00 for 12 months. This will cover you for your USA J-1 Sponsorship (work permit) and medical insurance, dental and emergency travel insurance. Part of the requirement for J1-Work permit is compulsory medical insurance and work cover. This must be PAID IN FULL before the J-1 Visa can be issued by the US consulate in your Home country. Please note cost of your airline ticket to the USA is not included in the amount paid **** A one way ticket is all that is required for this program in most cases**** Expense Item Total (USD $) Program registration Cost Your Sponsorship – (work permit for 12 months): Emergency Medical and Dental insurances for 12 months. Emergency Medical and travel insurance for 12 months US Government charges. Generation of documentation for visa process Program Training Plan- which includes: We organize the job Interview We offer the best choice of location available We get you the training plan We liaise directly with the Hotel on your behalf We manage the time zone difference We organize all documentation We liaise directly with US sponsorship companies on your behalf We offer 24 hour support whilst in USA We do all phoning, mailing, and FedEx etc, for you We provide step by step guidance through the entire process We can have you in the USA as soon as possible of your successful interview US$ 1000.00 USD $ 4,000.00 Total Cost – for 12 months USD$ 4,950.00 Pay By Direct Deposit: Global Recruitment - Bank Details Important: In order to process your application you have to send us the completed registration application and terms and conditions signed pages 2 & 3 of this form and Resume (CV) In GR Sample. Important: Allocate your Name as reference so funds can be tracked. Please fax, post, e-mail your receipt of payment to global recruitment BANK NAME ANZ – Bank Australia BRANCH NAME ANZ Bank Sandgate BRANCH ADDRESS Corner of Brighton Road & Third Avenue, Sandgate – QLD 4017 - AUSTRALIA SWIFT CODE BSB # (ROUTING NUMBER) ANZBAU3M 0 1 4260 BANK ACCOUNT NUMBER 539580125 How Much Will the Program Cost? What are you paying for? PO BOX 309, MARGATE BEACH, QLD- 4019, AUSTRALIA PH: +61 7 3889 3703 M: +61 401594624 W: WWW.GLOBALRECRUITMENT.COM.AU E: USJOBS@GMAIL.COM; BEN@GLOBALRECRUITMENT.COM.AU ABN: - 72 092 693 260 GLOBAL RECRUTEMENT INDIA PARTNER (I.S.P.A) OFFICE : HYDERABAD MOBILE : + 91 9985091820 Land Line: +91 40 27120987 2 Please complete this form, e-mail scanned document and fax or post to Global Recruitment (details below) together with the registration deposit of USD $1000.00. Registration deposit can be paid via-Direct Deposit (bank details above). Please fax or post your receipt of payment to Global Recruitment. Family Name: First Name: Home Address: Home Phone: Mobile Phone: Fax Number: Email: Date of Birth: Age: How soon would you like to go? How Long would you like to Stay? How you ever been to the USA Before Have you been overseas before? Have you been to the USA before? If, YES, what was the reason, where did you go and how long did you go for? Do you have relatives or friends living in the US and if so, where? Areas of Training that would interest. Example: F & B, FO, Chefs, and Housekeeping Supervisors, Hotel Engineering, Administration: Referral Reward program: If you refer a friend or colleague and they find C

Make a resume for my project? The person is Blaise Pascal, his contributions to math. Heres the ruberic Scoring RubricCover letter50 total points Picture 5 points Phonetic pronunciation 5 points Applicant’s name and address10 points Recipient (WCHS), address, and phone number10 points Body of letter intent and overview20 points Resume50 total points Applicant’s name 5 points Education10 points Achievements (famous for)10 points Work-related experience10 points Important personal information10 points References 5 points (Yes I realize that I'm lazy) Heres the template: BLAISE PASCAL March 10, 2011 Recipient Name Address line 1 Address line 2 City, State/Province Postal Code Email address.com Dear Employer, A well-written cover letter is your first impression to a potential employer. It will not only summarize your experience and education, but also represent your communication skills. As such, be succinct and check your grammar and spelling. A cover letter should be written in the first person. It should be professional, but not stuffy. One good review technique is to read you cover letter aloud. Does it sound natural? If so, then you’re on your way. If not, keep working on it. Rewriting is the best tool for creating a great cover letter. Your cover letter should be customized to meet the need of a potential employer. Don’t assume the employer will see you as a match for the position. Match your skills to those listed for the job. Remember to focus on the big points. One trick is to imagine yourself in an elevator with your employer. How would you sell yourself in fifteen seconds or less? The cover letter itself should be structured as follows: Introduction – identify yourself and the desired position Rationale – promote yourself; outline your key strengths and abilities and match them to the job description Action items – suggest next steps (interview availability, phone follow-up, etc.)

Debt Dispute and next course of action? I received a letter from a debt collection agency a month ago. I disputed the debt and this what I wrote using a template from MS Word. I omitted the names and address and dates but you get the general idea. It was also returned receipt ----- To Whom It May Concern: This letter is being sent to you in response to a notice I received on [date]. Be advised that this is not a refusal to pay, but a notice sent pursuant to the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 USC 1692g Sec. 809 (b) that your claim is disputed and validation is requested. This is NOT a request for “verification” or proof of my mailing address, but a request for VALIDATION made pursuant to the above named Title and Section. I respectfully request that your offices provide me with competent evidence that I have any legal obligation to pay you. I humbly request your Debt Collection agency to provide me with the following information in order to validate this debt: - Show me what do I owe this money for; and what purchases did I make or what Services did I receive? - Show me the details and calculations of how you calculated that amount. - Provide me with letters or proof that I agreed to pay what you say I owe. - Provide me with verification or judgment of any debts owed. - Identify to me the Original Creditor from whom I made the purchase. - Prove that the Statute of Limitations has not expired on this debt - Show me that you are licensed to collect this debt in my State - Show me your Debt Collection Rights License # - Show me that you are authorized to collect this debt on behalf of the Original Creditor. - Give me a complete transaction and payment history from the Original Creditor. - Show me what the original amount was when this Debt was assigned to your Debt Collection Agency. ** - Show me any fees and interest charges that have been added on to this debt. ** - Show me how you determined and arrived at these fees. ** - Give me a copy of the original signed loan or credit card application with the Original Creditor. ** These debt validation requests are Law under the following Court Case: Fields v. Wilber Law Firm, Donald L. Wilber and Kenneth Wilber, USCA-02-C-0072, 7th Circuit Court, Sept 2004 At this time I will also inform you that if your offices have reported invalidated information to any of the 3 major Credit Bureau’s (Equifax, Experian or TransUnion) this action might constitute fraud under both Federal and State Laws. Due to this fact, if any negative mark is found on any of my credit reports by your company or the company that you represent I will not hesitate in bringing legal action against you for the following: - Fair Credit Reporting Act - Fair Debt Collection Practices Act - Defamation of Character If your offices are able to provide me with all the proper documentation as requested in the following Declaration, I will require at least 30 days to investigate this information and during such time all collection activity must cease and desist. Also during this validation period, if any action is taken which could be considered detrimental to any of my credit reports, I will consult with my legal counsel for suit. This includes any listing any information to a credit reporting repository that could be inaccurate or invalidated or verifying an account as accurate when in fact there is no provided proof that it is. If your offices fail to respond to this validation request within 30 days from the date of your receipt, all references to this account must be deleted and completely removed from my credit file and a copy of such deletion request shall be sent to me immediately. I would also like to request, in writing, that no telephone contact be made by your offices to my home or to my place of employment. If your offices attempt telephone communication with me, including but not limited to computer generated calls and calls or correspondence sent to or with any third parties, it will be considered harassment and I will have no choice but to file suit. All future communications with me MUST be done in writing and sent to the address noted in this letter by USPS. It would be advisable that you assure that your records are in order before I am forced to take legal action. This is an attempt to correct your records; any information obtained shall be used for that purpose. Best Regards, [Your Name] ----- Now they sent me just a letter with nothing else and here it is verbatim. No verification or anything I listed is given. Now here is their response. They sent nothing else or anything else I requested. Just this letter and it is verbatim and personal info is omitted ----- A recent investigation has revealed that you are gainfully employed You accounts remains unpaid. It is our policy to ensure collection using every means available to our client under the law. WE WILL NOT MAKE YOU THE EXCEPTION. Our further action will be determined by your response to this letter. This communication is from a debt collector. This is a attempt to collect a debt. Any information will be used for that purpose. Sincerely, ****** ********* What should be my next course of action and what should i respond to them with?

Please I need help with these few questions. And yes I know its my homework but I need help with it. Thanks’? 7. O’Hara has prepared a monthly report using Word 2007, which will be e-mailed to several individuals who use Word 2003. To ensure that features in the Word 2007 document are not lost or changed when saving as a lower format, O’Hare should use which one of the following Word 2007 features? A. Compatibility checker C. Compare and merge B. Inspect document D. Save to Appropriate Formats 8. Clark and Jameson share a computer to prepare sensitive personnel documents that are saved on the hard drive. Two other workers also use the same computer from time to time. To allow the personnel documents to be opened and modified only by Clark and Jameson, they should be protected with A. editing restrictions. C. formatting restrictions. B. passwords. D. mark as final. 9. Last month you saved a document containing your personal letterhead with a logo as a template. You remember that you named the document “Heading Style;” however, you see four documents saved with that name. All four have different extensions. Which one of the following contains your letterhead template? A. Heading Style.docx C. Heading Style.dotx B. Heading Style.jpeg D. Heading Style.htm 10. Lou wishes to post his resume with an online job bank. He has just graduated from college with a degree in marketing. During high school and college, Lou worked part-time at Emerson’s Café as a server; this is his only work experience. Which one of the following would be the most effective arrangement of his resume? A. Name and address with contact information, honors, career objective, activities, work experience, education B. Letterhead, work experience, education, keyword summary, honors, references C. Career objective, name and address with contact information, honors and activities, education, references D. Name and address with contact information, career objective, education, special skills, honors, work experience 11. You’ve designed a letterhead with logo to use for all letters. To make sure that you can use the letterhead design for all letters, create the letterhead as a A. style. C. template. B. document file. D. autocorrect entry. 12. You open one of your documents needed to create a Mail Merge. In the document you find variables such as client name, city, state, and ZIP Code. This document is the A. record. C. data source. B. main file. D. field holder. 13. After sorting data records in descending order by registration number, which one of the following records would be placed last? A. 0011 C. 0101 B. 0110 D. 0099

Should I use a job reference that may not remember me? Hi, During 2007 Christmas time, I was employed as a casual nightfill assistant at a department store. I later found out that it was on-call casual rather than having a rostered schedule. However, I only got called upon for one shift and was never called for work ever again. I remember calling them asking why I haven't been getting work, and their explanation was that they simply have not been busy. Then 6 months later I get a letter from them saying that, according to their records, I haven't been working for a while and that if I wanted to work again, all I had to do was call them. I showed up in person and put down my availability, but then I never got a call from work. I then recieved another letter from them saying that I haven't worked despite them calling me (which was total BS and I could tell it was a template letter), and that they will terminate my employment by a certain date. Well I was at a funeral interstate at the time and so my employment was terminated, but I didn't really care as they weren't calling me for work anyway. So on my resume, I have put down that I have worked for them for 6 months but I think I need them as a second work reference now as I just finished university and now looking for a job. I already have one work reference where I was working at a temp job for 3 months, my most recent employment. The thing is, it will look suspicious if I don't put down the company I supposedly was employed for 6 months but yet put down a reference for a temp job I worked at for 3 months...understand what I mean? Should I go in person and ask them for a reference even if nobody would remember me as I only worked one shift? Or should I not bother? what I meant was...it will look suspicious if I don't put down a reference for the company I worked for "6 months", and yet put one down for a temp job I did for 3 months even though they were my most recent employer. Thank You for your efforts Caprice K but I'm from Australia.

Do you belong to the "new Church of Global Warming"? "Aliens Cause Global Warming" A lecture by Michael Crichton California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA January 17, 2003 My topic today sounds humorous but unfortunately I am serious. I am going to argue that extraterrestrials lie behind global warming. Or to speak more precisely, I will argue that a belief in extraterrestrials has paved the way, in a progression of steps, to a belief in global warming. Charting this progression of belief will be my task today. Let me say at once that I have no desire to discourage anyone from believing in either extraterrestrials or global warming. That would be quite impossible to do. Rather, I want to discuss the history of several widely-publicized beliefs and to point to what I consider an emerging crisis in the whole enterprise of science-namely the increasingly uneasy relationship between hard science and public policy. I have a special interest in this because of my own upbringing. I was born in the midst of World War II, and passed my formative years at the height of the Cold War. In school drills, I dutifully crawled under my desk in preparation for a nuclear attack. It was a time of widespread fear and uncertainty, but even as a child I believed that science represented the best and greatest hope for mankind. Even to a child, the contrast was clear between the world of politics-a world of hate and danger, of irrational beliefs and fears, of mass manipulation and disgraceful blots on human history. In contrast, science held different values-international in scope, forging friendships and working relationships across national boundaries and political systems, encouraging a dispassionate habit of thought, and ultimately leading to fresh knowledge and technology that would benefit all mankind. The world might not be avery good place, but science would make it better. And it did. In my lifetime, science has largely fulfilled its promise. Science has been the great intellectual adventure of our age, and a great hope for our troubled and restless world. But I did not expect science merely to extend lifespan, feed the hungry, cure disease, and shrink the world with jets and cell phones. I also expected science to banish the evils of human thought---prejudice and superstition, irrational beliefs and false fears. I expected science to be, in Carl Sagan's memorable phrase, "a candle in a demon haunted world." And here, I am not so pleased with the impact of science. Rather than serving as a cleansing force, science has in some instances been seduced by the more ancient lures of politics and publicity. Some of the demons that haunt our world in recent years are invented by scientists. The world has not benefited from permitting these demons to escape free. But let's look at how it came to pass. Cast your minds back to 1960. John F. Kennedy is president, commercial jet airplanes are just appearing, the biggest university mainframes have 12K of memory. And in Green Bank, West Virginia at the new National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a young astrophysicist named Frank Drake runs a two week project called Ozma, to search for extraterrestrial signals. A signal is received, to great excitement. It turns out to be false, but the excitement remains. In 1960, Drake organizes the first SETI conference, and came up with the now-famous Drake equation: N=N*fp ne fl fi fc fL Where N is the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy; fp is the fraction with planets; ne is the number of planets per star capable of supporting life; fl is the fraction of planets where life evolves; fi is the fraction where intelligent life evolves; and fc is the fraction that communicates; and fL is the fraction of the planet's life during which the communicating civilizations live. This serious-looking equation gave SETI an serious footing as a legitimate intellectual inquiry. The problem, of course, is that none of the terms can be known, and most cannot even be estimated. The only way to work the equation is to fill in with guesses. And guesses-just so we're clear-are merely expressions of prejudice. Nor can there be "informed guesses." If you need to state how many planets with life choose to communicate, there is simply no way to make an informed guess. It's simply prejudice. As a result, the Drake equation can have any value from "billions and billions" to zero. An expression that can mean anything means nothing. Speaking precisely, the Drake equation is literally meaningless, and has nothing to do with science. I take the hard view that science involves the creation of testable hypotheses. The Drake equation cannot be tested and therefore SETI is not science. SETI is unquestionably a religion. Faith is defined as the firm belief in something for which there is no proof. The belief that the Koran is the word of God is a matter of faith. The belief that God created the universe in seven days is a matter of faith. The belief that there are other life forms in the universe is a matter of faith. There is not a single shred of evidence for any other life forms, and in forty years of searching, none has been discovered. There is absolutely no evidentiary reason to maintain this belief. SETI is a religion. One way to chart the cooling of enthusiasm is to review popular works on the subject. In 1964, at the height of SETI enthusiasm, Walter Sullivan of the NY Times wrote an exciting book about life in the universe entitled WE ARE NOT ALONE. By 1995, when Paul Davis wrote a book on the same subject, he titled it ARE WE ALONE? ( Since 1981, there have in fact been four books titled ARE WE ALONE.) More recently we have seen the rise of the so-called "Rare Earth" theory which suggests that we may, in fact, be all alone. Again, there is no evidence either way. Back in the sixties, SETI had its critics, although not among astrophysicists and astronomers. The biologists and paleontologists were harshest. George Gaylord Simpson of Harvard sneered that SETI was a "study without a subject," and it remains so to the present day. But scientists in general have been indulgent toward SETI, viewing it either with bemused tolerance, or with indifference. After all, what's the big deal? It's kind of fun. If people want to look, let them. Only a curmudgeon would speak harshly of SETI. It wasn't worth the bother. And of course it is true that untestable theories may have heuristic value. Of course extraterrestrials are a good way to teach science to kids. But that does not relieve us of the obligation to see the Drake equation clearly for what it is-pure speculation in quasi-scientific trappings. The fact that the Drake equation was not greeted with screams of outrage-similar to the screams of outrage that greet each Creationist new claim, for example-meant that now there was a crack in the door, a loosening of the definition of what constituted legitimate scientific procedure. And soon enough, pernicious garbage began to squeeze through the cracks. Now let's jump ahead a decade to the 1970s, and Nuclear Winter. In 1975, the National Academy of Sciences reported on "Long-Term Worldwide Effects of Multiple Nuclear Weapons Detonations" but the report estimated the effect of dust from nuclear blasts to be relatively minor. In 1979, the Office of Technology Assessment issued a report on "The Effects of Nuclear War" and stated that nuclear war could perhaps produce irreversible adverse consequences on the environment. However, because the scientific processes involved were poorly understood, the report stated it was not possible to estimate the probable magnitude of such damage. Three years later, in 1982, the Swedish Academy of Sciences commissioned a report entitled "The Atmosphere after a Nuclear War: Twilight at Noon," which attempted to quantify the effect of smoke from burning forests and cities. The authors speculated that there would be so much smoke that a large cloud over the northern hemisphere would reduce incoming sunlight below the level required for photosynthesis, and that this would last for weeks or even longer. The following year, five scientists including Richard Turco and Carl Sagan published a paper in Science called "Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions." This was the so-called TTAPS report, which attempted to quantify more rigorously the atmospheric effects, with the added credibility to be gained from an actual computer model of climate. At the heart of the TTAPS undertaking was another equation, never specifically expressed, but one that could be paraphrased as follows: Ds = Wn Ws Wh Tf Tb Pt Pr Pe… etc (The amount of tropospheric dust=# warheads x size warheads x warhead detonation height x flammability of targets x Target burn duration x Particles entering the Troposphere x Particle reflectivity x Particle endurance…and so on.) The similarity to the Drake equation is striking. As with the Drake equation, none of the variables can be determined. None at all. The TTAPS study addressed this problem in part by mapping out different wartime scenarios and assigning numbers to some of the variables, but even so, the remaining variables were-and are-simply unknowable. Nobody knows how much smoke will be generated when cities burn, creating particles of what kind, and for how long. No one knows the effect of local weather conditions on the amount of particles that will be injected into the troposphere. No one knows how long the particles will remain in the troposphere. And so on. And remember, this is only four years after the OTA study concluded that the underlying scientific processes were so poorly known that no estimates could be reliably made. Nevertheless, the TTAPS study not only made those estimates, but concluded they were catastrophic. According to Sagan and his coworkers, even a limited 5,000 megaton nuclear exchange would cause a global temperature drop of more than 35 degrees Centigrade, and this change would last for three months. The greatest volcanic eruptions that we know of changed world temperatures somewhere between .5 and 2 degrees Centigrade. Ice ages changed global temperatures by 10 degrees. Here we have an estimated change three times greater than any ice age. One might expect it to be the subject of some dispute. But Sagan and his coworkers were prepared, for nuclear winter was from the outset the subject of a well-orchestrated media campaign. The first announcement of nuclear winter appeared in an article by Sagan in the Sunday supplement, Parade. The very next day, a highly-publicized, high-profile conference on the long-term consequences of nuclear war was held in Washington, chaired by Carl Sagan and Paul Ehrlich, the most famous and media-savvy scientists of their generation. Sagan appeared on the Johnny Carson show 40 times. Ehrlich was on 25 times. Following the conference, there were press conferences, meetings with congressmen, and so on. The formal papers in Science came months later. This is not the way science is done, it is the way products are sold. The real nature of the conference is indicated by these artists' renderings of the the effect of nuclear winter. I cannot help but quote the caption for figure 5: "Shown here is a tranquil scene in the north woods. A beaver has just completed its dam, two black bears forage for food, a swallow-tailed butterfly flutters in the foreground, a loon swims quietly by, and a kingfisher searches for a tasty fish." Hard science if ever there was. At the conference in Washington, during the question period, Ehrlich was reminded that after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, scientists were quoted as saying nothing would grow there for 75 years, but in fact melons were growing the next year. So, he was asked, how accurate were these findings now? Ehrlich answered by saying "I think they are extremely robust. Scientists may have made statements like that, although I cannot imagine what their basis would have been, even with the state of science at that time, but scientists are always making absurd statements, individually, in various places. What we are doing here, however, is presenting a consensus of a very large group of scientists…" I want to pause here and talk about this notion of consensus, and the rise of what has been called consensus science. I regard consensus science as an extremely pernicious development that ought to be stopped cold in its tracks. Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled. Whenever you hear the consensus of scientists agrees on something or other, reach for your wallet, because you're being had. Let's be clear: the work of science has nothing whatever to do with consensus. Consensus is the business of politics. Science, on the contrary, requires only one investigator who happens to be right, which means that he or she has results that are verifiable by reference to the real world. In science consensus is irrelevant. What is relevant is reproducible results. The greatest scientists in history are great precisely because they broke with the consensus. There is no such thing as consensus science. If it's consensus, it isn't science. If it's science, it isn't consensus. Period. In addition, let me remind you that the track record of the consensus is nothing to be proud of. Let's review a few cases. In past centuries, the greatest killer of women was fever following childbirth . One woman in six died of this fever. In 1795, Alexander Gordon of Aberdeen suggested that the fevers were infectious processes, and he was able to cure them. The consensus said no. In 1843, Oliver Wendell Holmes claimed puerperal fever was contagious, and presented compellng evidence. The consensus said no. In 1849, Semmelweiss demonstrated that sanitary techniques virtually eliminated puerperal fever in hospitals under his management. The consensus said he was a Jew, ignored him, and dismissed him from his post. There was in fact no agreement on puerperal fever until the start of the twentieth century. Thus the consensus took one hundred and twenty five years to arrive at the right conclusion despite the efforts of the prominent "skeptics" around the world, skeptics who were demeaned and ignored. And despite the constant ongoing deaths of women. There is no shortage of other examples. In the 1920s in America, tens of thousands of people, mostly poor, were dying of a disease called pellagra. The consensus of scientists said it was infectious, and what was necessary was to find the "pellagra germ." The US government asked a brilliant young investigator, Dr. Joseph Goldberger, to find the cause. Goldberger concluded that diet was the crucial factor. The consensus remained wedded to the germ theory. Goldberger demonstrated that he could induce the disease through diet. He demonstrated that the disease was not infectious by injecting the blood of a pellagra patient into himself, and his assistant. They and other volunteers swabbed their noses with swabs from pellagra patients, and swallowed capsules containing scabs from pellagra rashes in what were called "Goldberger's filth parties." Nobody contracted pellagra. The consensus continued to disagree with him. There was, in addition, a social factor-southern States disliked the idea of poor diet as the cause, because it meant that social reform was required. They continued to deny it until the 1920s. Result-despite a twentieth century epidemic, the consensus took years to see the light. Probably every schoolchild notices that South America and Africa seem to fit together rather snugly, and Alfred Wegener proposed, in 1912, that the continents had in fact drifted apart. The consensus sneered at continental drift for fifty years. The theory was most vigorously denied by the great names of geology-until 1961, when it began to seem as if the sea floors were spreading. The result: it took the consensus fifty years to acknowledge what any schoolchild sees. And shall we go on? The examples can be multiplied endlessly. Jenner and smallpox, Pasteur and germ theory. Saccharine, margarine, repressed memory, fiber and colon cancer, hormone replacement therap6y…the list of consensus errors goes on and on. Finally, I would remind you to notice where the claim of consensus is invoked. Consensus is invoked only in situations where the science is not solid enough. Nobody says the consensus of scientists agrees that E=mc2. Nobody says the consensus is that the sun is 93 million miles away. It would never occur to anyone to speak that way. But back to our main subject. What I have been suggesting to you is that nuclear winter was a meaningless formula, tricked out with bad science, for policy ends. It was political from the beginning, promoted in a well-orchestrated media campaign that had to be planned weeks or months in advance. Further evidence of the political nature of the whole project can be found in the response to criticism. Although Richard Feynman was characteristically blunt, saying, "I really don't think these guys know what they're talking about," other prominent scientists were noticeably reticent. Freeman Dyson was quoted as saying "It's an absolutely atrocious piece of science but…who wants to be accused of being in favor of nuclear war?" And Victor Weisskopf said, "The science is terrible but---perhaps the psychology is good." The nuclear winter team followed up the publication of such comments with letters to the editors denying that these statements were ever made, though the scientists since then have subsequently confirmed their views. At the time, there was a concerted desire on the part of lots of people to avoid nuclear war. If nuclear winter looked awful, why investigate too closely? Who wanted to disagree? Only people like Edward Teller, the "father of the H bomb." Teller said, "While it is generally recognized that details are still uncertain and deserve much more study, Dr. Sagan nevertheless has taken the position that the whole scenario is so robust that there can be little doubt about its main conclusions." Yet for most people, the fact that nuclear winter was a scenario riddled with uncertainties did not seem to be relevant. I say it is hugely relevant. Once you abandon strict adherence to what science tells us, once you start arranging the truth in a press conference, then anything is possible. In one context, maybe you will get some mobilization against nuclear war. But in another context, you get Lysenkoism. In another, you get Nazi euthanasia. The danger is always there, if you subvert science to political ends. That is why it is so important for the future of science that the line between what science can say with certainty, and what it cannot, be drawn clearly-and defended. What happened to Nuclear Winter? As the media glare faded, its robust scenario appeared less persuasive; John Maddox, editor of Nature, repeatedly criticized its claims; within a year, Stephen Schneider, one of the leading figures in the climate model, began to speak of "nuclear autumn." It just didn't have the same ring. A final media embarrassment came in 1991, when Carl Sagan predicted on Nightline that Kuwaiti oil fires would produce a nuclear winter effect, causing a "year without a summer," and endangering crops around the world. Sagan stressed this outcome was so likely that "it should affect the war plans." None of it happened. What, then, can we say were the lessons of Nuclear Winter? I believe the lesson was that with a catchy name, a strong policy position and an aggressive media campaign, nobody will dare to criticize the science, and in short order, a terminally weak thesis will be established as fact. After that, any criticism becomes beside the point. The war is already over without a shot being fired. That was the lesson, and we had a textbook application soon afterward, with second hand smoke. In 1993, the EPA announced that second-hand smoke was "responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year in nonsmoking adults," and that it " impairs the respiratory health of hundreds of thousands of people." In a 1994 pamphlet the EPA said that the eleven studies it based its decision on were not by themselves conclusive, and that they collectively assigned second-hand smoke a risk factor of 1.19. (For reference, a risk factor below 3.0 is too small for action by the EPA. or for publication in the New England Journal of Medicine, for example.) Furthermore, since there was no statistical association at the 95% confidence limits, the EPA lowered the limit to 90%. They then classified second hand smoke as a Group A Carcinogen. This was openly fraudulent science, but it formed the basis for bans on smoking in restaurants, offices, and airports. California banned public smoking in 1995. Soon, no claim was too extreme. By 1998, the Christian Science Monitor was saying that "Second-hand smoke is the nation's third-leading preventable cause of death." The American Cancer Society announced that 53,000 people died each year of second-hand smoke. The evidence for this claim is nonexistent. In 1998, a Federal judge held that the EPA had acted improperly, had "committed to a conclusion before research had begun", and had "disregarded information and made findings on selective information." The reaction of Carol Browner, head of the EPA was: "We stand by our science….there's wide agreement. The American people certainly recognize that exposure to second hand smoke brings…a whole host of health problems." Again, note how the claim of consensus trumps science. In this case, it isn't even a consensus of scientists that Browner evokes! It's the consensus of the American people. Meanwhile, ever-larger studies failed to confirm any association. A large, seven-country WHO study in 1998 found no association. Nor have well-controlled subsequent studies, to my knowledge. Yet we now read, for example, that second hand smoke is a cause of breast cancer. At this point you can say pretty much anything you want about second-hand smoke. As with nuclear winter, bad science is used to promote what most people would consider good policy. I certainly think it is. I don't want people smoking around me. So who will speak out against banning second-hand smoke? Nobody, and if you do, you'll be branded a shill of RJ Reynolds. A big tobacco flunky. But the truth is that we now have a social policy supported by the grossest of superstitions. And we've given the EPA a bad lesson in how to behave in the future. We've told them that cheating is the way to succeed. As the twentieth century drew to a close, the connection between hard scientific fact and public policy became increasingly elastic. In part this was possible because of the complacency of the scientific profession; in part because of the lack of good science education among the public; in part, because of the rise of specialized advocacy groups which have been enormously effective in getting publicity and shaping policy; and in great part because of the decline of the media as an independent assessor of fact. The deterioration of the American media is dire loss for our country. When distinguished institutions like the New York Times can no longer differentiate between factual content and editorial opinion, but rather mix both freely on their front page, then who will hold anyone to a higher standard? And so, in this elastic anything-goes world where science-or non-science-is the hand maiden of questionable public policy, we arrive at last at global warming. It is not my purpose here to rehash the details of this most magnificent of the demons haunting the world. I would just remind you of the now-familiar pattern by which these things are established. Evidentiary uncertainties are glossed over in the unseemly rush for an overarching policy, and for grants to support the policy by delivering findings that are desired by the patron. Next, the isolation of those scientists who won't get with the program, and the characterization of those scientists as outsiders and "skeptics" in quotation marks-suspect individuals with suspect motives, industry flunkies, reactionaries, or simply anti-environmental nutcases. In short order, debate ends, even though prominent scientists are uncomfortable about how things are being done. When did "skeptic" become a dirty word in science? When did a skeptic require quotation marks around it? To an outsider, the most significant innovation in the global warming controversy is the overt reliance that is being placed on models. Back in the days of nuclear winter, computer models were invoked to add weight to a conclusion: "These results are derived with the help of a computer model." But now large-scale computer models are seen as generating data in themselves. No longer are models judged by how well they reproduce data from the real world-increasingly, models provide the data. As if they were themselves a reality. And indeed they are, when we are projecting forward. There can be no observational data about the year 2100. There are only model runs. This fascination with computer models is something I understand very well. Richard Feynmann called it a disease. I fear he is right. Because only if you spend a lot of time looking at a computer screen can you arrive at the complex point where the global warming debate now stands. Nobody believes a weather prediction twelve hours ahead. Now we're asked to believe a prediction that goes out 100 years into the future? And make financial investments based on that prediction? Has everybody lost their minds? Stepping back, I have to say the arrogance of the modelmakers is breathtaking. There have been, in every century, scientists who say they know it all. Since climate may be a chaotic system-no one is sure-these predictions are inherently doubtful, to be polite. But more to the point, even if the models get the science spot-on, they can never get the sociology. To predict anything about the world a hundred years from now is simply absurd. Look: If I was selling stock in a company that I told you would be profitable in 2100, would you buy it? Or would you think the idea was so crazy that it must be a scam? Let's think back to people in 1900 in, say, New York. If they worried about people in 2000, what would they worry about? Probably: Where would people get enough horses? And what would they do about all the horseshit? Horse pollution was bad in 1900, think how much worse it would be a century later, with so many more people riding horses? But of course, within a few years, nobody rode horses except for sport. And in 2000, France was getting 80% its power from an energy source that was unknown in 1900. Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Japan were getting more than 30% from this source, unknown in 1900. Remember, people in 1900 didn't know what an atom was. They didn't know its structure. They also didn't know what a radio was, or an airport, or a movie, or a television, or a computer, or a cell phone, or a jet, an antibiotic, a rocket, a satellite, an MRI, ICU, IUD, IBM, IRA, ERA, EEG, EPA, IRS, DOD, PCP, HTML, internet. interferon, instant replay, remote sensing, remote control, speed dialing, gene therapy, gene splicing, genes, spot welding, heat-seeking, bipolar, prozac, leotards, lap dancing, email, tape recorder, CDs, airbags, plastic explosive, plastic, robots, cars, liposuction, transduction, superconduction, dish antennas, step aerobics, smoothies, twelve-step, ultrasound, nylon, rayon, teflon, fiber optics, carpal tunnel, laser surgery, laparoscopy, corneal transplant, kidney transplant, AIDS… None of this would have meant anything to a person in the year 1900. They wouldn't know what you are talking about. Now. You tell me you can predict the world of 2100. Tell me it's even worth thinking about. Our models just carry the present into the future. They're bound to be wrong. Everybody who gives a moment's thought knows it. I remind you that in the lifetime of most scientists now living, we have already had an example of dire predictions set aside by new technology. I refer to the green revolution. In 1960, Paul Ehrlich said, "The battle to feed humanity is over. In the 1970s the world will undergo famines-hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death." Ten years later, he predicted four billion people would die during the 1980s, including 65 million Americans. The mass starvation that was predicted never occurred, and it now seems it isn't ever going to happen. Nor is the population explosion going to reach the numbers predicted even ten years ago. In 1990, climate modelers anticipated a world population of 11 billion by 2100. Today, some people think the correct number will be 7 billion and falling. But nobody knows for sure. But it is impossible to ignore how closely the history of global warming fits on the previous template for nuclear winter. Just as the earliest studies of nuclear winter stated that the uncertainties were so great that probabilites could never be known, so, too the first pronouncements on global warming argued strong limits on what could be determined with certainty about climate change. The 1995 IPCC draft report said, "Any claims of positive detection of significant climate change are likely to remain controversial until uncertainties in the total natural variability of the climate system are reduced." It also said, "No study to date has positively attributed all or part of observed climate changes to anthropogenic causes." Those statements were removed, and in their place appeared: "The balance of evidence suggests a discernable human influence on climate." What is clear, however, is that on this issue, science and policy have become inextricably mixed to the point where it will be difficult, if not impossible, to separate them out. It is possible for an outside observer to ask serious questions about the conduct of investigations into global warming, such as whether we are taking appropriate steps to improve the quality of our observational data records, whether we are systematically obtaining the information that will clarify existing uncertainties, whether we have any organized disinterested mechanism to direct research in this contentious area. The answer to all these questions is no. We don't. In trying to think about how these questions can be resolved, it occurs to me that in the progression from SETI to nuclear winter to second hand smoke to global warming, we have one clear message, and that is that we can expect more and more problems of public policy dealing with technical issues in the future-problems of ever greater seriousness, where people care passionately on all sides. And at the moment we have no mechanism to get good answers. So I will propose one. Just as we have established a tradition of double-blinded research to determine drug efficacy, we must institute double-blinded research in other policy areas as well. Certainly the increased use of computer models, such as GCMs, cries out for the separation of those who make the models from those who verify them. The fact is that the present structure of science is entrepeneurial, with individual investigative teams vying for funding from organizations which all too often have a clear stake in the outcome of the research-or appear to, which may be just as bad. This is not healthy for science. Sooner or later, we must form an independent research institute in this country. It must be funded by industry, by government, and by private philanthropy, both individuals and trusts. The money must be pooled, so that investigators do not know who is paying them. The institute must fund more than one team to do research in a particular area, and the verification of results will be a foregone requirement: teams will know their results will be checked by other groups. In many cases, those who decide how to gather the data will not gather it, and those who gather the data will not analyze it. If we were to address the land temperature records with such rigor, we would be well on our way to an understanding of exactly how much faith we can place in global warming, and therefore what seriousness we must address this. I believe that as we come to the end of this litany, some of you may be saying, well what is the big deal, really. So we made a few mistakes. So a few scientists have overstated their cases and have egg on their faces. So what. Well, I'll tell you. In recent years, much has been said about the post modernist claims about science to the effect that science is just another form of raw power, tricked out in special claims for truth-seeking and objectivity that really have no basis in fact. Science, we are told, is no better than any other undertaking. These ideas anger many scientists, and they anger me. But recent events have made me wonder if they are correct. We can take as an example the scientific reception accorded a Danish statistician, Bjorn Lomborg, who wrote a book called The Skeptical Environmentalist. The scientific community responded in a way that can only be described as disgraceful. In professional literature, it was complained he had no standing because he was not an earth scientist. His publisher, Cambridge University Press, was attacked with cries that the editor should be fired, and that all right-thinking scientists should shun the press. The past president of the AAAS wondered aloud how Cambridge could have ever "published a book that so clearly could never have passed peer review." )But of course the manuscript did pass peer review by three earth scientists on both sides of the Atlantic, and all recommended publication.) But what are scientists doing attacking a press? Is this the new McCarthyism-coming from scientists? Worst of all was the behavior of the Scientific American, which seemed intent on proving the post-modernist point that it was all about power, not facts. The Scientific American attacked Lomborg for eleven pages, yet only came up with nine factual errors despite their assertion that the book was "rife with careless mistakes." It was a poor display featuring vicious ad hominem attacks, including comparing him to a Holocust denier. The issue was captioned: "Science defends itself against the Skeptical Environmentalist." Really. Science has to defend itself? Is this what we have come to? When Lomborg asked for space to rebut his critics, he was given only a page and a half. When he said it wasn't enough, he put the critics' essays on his web page and answered them in detail. Scientific American threatened copyright infringement and made him take the pages down. Further attacks since have made it clear what is going on. Lomborg is charged with heresy. That's why none of his critics needs to substantiate their attacks in any detail. That's why the facts don't matter. That's why they can attack him in the most vicious personal terms. He's a heretic. Of course, any scientist can be charged as Galileo was charged. I just never thought I'd see the Scientific American in the role of mother church. Is this what science has become? I hope not. But it is what it will become, unless there is a concerted effort by leading scientists to aggressively separate science from policy. The late Philip Handler, former president of the National Academy of Sciences, said that "Scientists best serve public policy by living within the ethics of science, not those of politics. If the scientific community will not unfrock the charlatans, the public will not discern the difference-science and the nation will suffer." Personally, I don't worry about the nation. But I do worry about science. Thank you very much.